When is income taxable, and when is it not?

You only have to examine your paycheck to realize certain income is tax-free. For example, health insurance premiums paid by your employer are generally not includible in your income.

Do you know the tax status of other types of income? Here's a quiz to test your knowledge.

1. You tell your son he'll be the sole beneficiary of your estate, and that you've decided to give him an advance on his inheritance. You hand him a check for $10,000. He wants to know how much he'll have to pay in taxes. What do you tell him?

Answer: Gifts, bequests, devises, and inheritances are generally not taxable to the beneficiary. Income produced from those sources is taxable to the beneficiary.

2. You withdraw $20,000 of the contributions you made to your Roth IRA over the past five years, but you're not of retirement age. Do you have a taxable event?

Answer: Unlike traditional IRAs, distributions from Roths are first allocated to amounts you contributed to the account. To the extent the distribution is a return of your contributions, it's not included in your income, and you can withdraw it penalty- and tax-free.

3. You purchase a piano at an auction and take it home. While cleaning it, you discover $5,000 inside. Is this money taxable to you?

Answer: Yes. Once it becomes yours, "treasure trove" property is taxable to you at fair market value.

Your business succession plan must answer three key questions

Succession planning is very important for a family owned business. Before you sit down with your tax and legal advisors to draw up a succession plan, you should think through three key issues: who do you want to succeed you, when do you want the transition to take place, and how do you want to structure the transition?

* WHO? The question of who will succeed you in the business can be the toughest of all, largely because there is so much emotion involved. Most owners want to pass the business on to the family. But are your children willing to take on the business, and if so, are they capable of running it? Will it cause a family squabble if one or two children want to run the business, but others are not interested? Resolving these issues may take a lot of honest, open discussion with family members to discover their true feelings. If there is not an obvious family successor, other alternatives include selling the business to an outsider, promoting an existing employee to head the business while you retain ownership, or even selling the business to the employees.

* WHEN? When you make the transition depends on a number of factors, such as your age, health, retirement goals, and the readiness of a successor. Consider whether you want to maintain some involvement with the business or make a clean break. Remember, though, you should always have a contingency succession plan in case of sudden death or disability.

* HOW? How you structure the transition depends partly on the answers to the earlier questions and partly on financial considerations. Think through issues such as whether you need retirement income from the business or whether you primarily want to minimize estate taxes. Knowing your goals for the transition will make it much easier to tailor a succession plan that fits your specific situation.

For guidance in your business succession planning, give us a call at 305-500-9361

Have you done an insurance checkup lately?

When was the last time you reviewed your insurance coverage? An annual insurance review makes good financial sense. Here are points to consider as you review your various insurance policies.

• Health care. If you have an individual policy, investigate whether your employer, union, or professional association offers a less expensive group policy.
•  Long-term care. Long-term care insurance may be advisable if you're between the ages of 55 and 72 and you don't have enough assets to fund long-term care.
•  Life. The protection you need depends on the number of people who rely on you for support. Whole, variable, and universal life policies combine insurance coverage with an investment future. If you want insurance only, consider term life.
•  Disability. Studies show that less than one American in six owns enough disability insurance to provide a comfortable lifestyle during a two-year disability. Disability coverage is generally limited to 60%-70% of salaried income. If you have adequate emergency funds, electing a longer waiting period for coverage to kick in will reduce your premiums.
•  Homeowners. With fluctuations in the real estate market, it's possible that your home is now under- or over-insured. Coverage equal to the current replacement cost (excluding land), not its original cost, is advisable.
•  Auto. Liability insurance is a must, but consider dropping collision coverage if you can afford to repair or replace the vehicle on your own. Collision insurance is probably required if your car is financed or leased.
•  Umbrella liability. Personal liability coverage is included with most homeowner and auto policies. However, if you own substantial assets, umbrella coverage will provide additional protection at minimal cost.
•  Unnecessary insurance. Avoid policies with narrowly defined coverage (such as credit, travel, or cancer insurance) if they duplicate other coverage.

 For assistance in your insurance review, give us a call at: (305) 500-9361

How to raise financially literate children

If everything your children ever learned about personal finances came from the mass media, they might think credit is a limitless resource and savings something you only find on a clearance rack. To fill in the gaps in their financial education, parents should teach their children the fundamentals of handling money. But where do you start? Perhaps begin with the following benchmarks of financial literacy.

Time Value of Money
One of the most essential of all financial concepts is the time value of money. Children should be shown the benefits of saving money, watching it grow, and patiently deferring purchases until a future time. When children grow a little older, they can learn the reverse lesson: how debt today results in accumulated interest costs down the road. To illustrate the point, show them a loan amortization schedule for a typical car or home loan. That will get their attention.

Transactional Skills
In today's cashless society, your children will someday need to know how to write a check, use a debit or credit card, and how to bank online. When they are ready, consider setting aside a morning to take them to the bank, introduce them to a representative, and set up their first checking account and bank card under the tutelage of the banker. Children will appreciate this rite of passage to adulthood, and they will learn how to navigate an ATM or bank website the right way, not just the way you do it.

Keeping Good Records
You might feel a little hypocritical when pointing out your children's recordkeeping shortcomings, but they probably need your help more than you think. Knowing how to reconcile a checkbook and track where they spend their money is a valuable life skill. Developing a system for safely storing receipts, warranties, and other valuable papers is also important. When they begin driving, point out the location and importance of the vehicle proof of insurance and registration.

Reflecting Your Values
Like any other area of life, you will naturally want to pass down truisms that have guided you financially. Succinct phrases often suit this purpose quite effectively, such as, "keep a little gas in the tank, a little money in the bank." Or, "don't place all your eggs in one basket." Sound corny? Perhaps. But such sayings today might just remind your children of something important tomorrow.

Those who value philanthropy should consider including their children in the charity selection process. Teach them why certain causes are important to you and how you determine the amount to give. Perhaps you could give your children gifting discretion over a small sum of charitable dollars.

Investments 101
The day will eventually come when your children will be ready to talk investments, retirement, and taxes. Feeling intimidated yet? There is no need to fear. Our firm can assist you and your children with these advanced topics. Being financially literate is not child's play. But then again, neither is being a parent.

When are social security benefits taxed?

Are you considering post-retirement employment? If you're collecting social security and thinking of returning to the work force, you may have questions about the effect of that income on the taxability of your benefits.

The answer: Under current law, part of your social security benefits may be taxable. How much? The basic rule is that up to 85% of your annual benefits can be subject to federal income tax when your "provisional" income exceeds specified thresholds. Generally speaking, provisional income is the sum of your adjusted gross income plus tax-exempt interest and one-half of your social security benefits.

Benefits are not taxed when your provisional income is below the threshold applicable to your filing status.

The federal thresholds, called base amounts, range from zero, if you're married filing separately and live with your spouse all year, to $32,000, if you're married filing jointly.

A $25,000 base applies when you file as single, head of household, or as a qualifying widow or widower with a dependent child. If you're married, but file separately and do not live with your spouse during the year, you'll also use the $25,000 figure.

Illustration: When you're married, file a joint return, and your provisional income exceeds $32,000, a portion of your benefits will be taxed.

Please call us to discuss how income from a new business venture or job will impact your taxes. We'll be happy to help with planning moves, such as the timing of retirement account distributions, that can ease the tax bite.

Animal-rescue volunteers win tax deduction case

If you provide care for stray or feral animals in your home for an IRS-approved charity, you may be able to take a tax deduction for your out-of-pocket expenses. A recent U.S. Tax Court judge ruled that a taxpayer who fostered feral and stray cats in her home could deduct amounts she spent for food, veterinarian bills, litter, and other unreimbursed expenses incurred to help the animal charity in its mission. To be deductible, the taxpayer must keep records of the expenses, and the charity must provide a written acknowledgment of the volunteer work as a charitable gift.

The Humane Society hopes to get the word out on this case, stating that thousands of members do volunteer work such as this and spend their own money to support the mission of local shelters and rescue groups.

IRS warns about e-mail and phone scams

The IRS is warning taxpayers not to respond to e-mails and phone calls they may receive which claim to come from the IRS or another federal agency. Such contacts are likely to be scams whose purpose is to obtain personal and financial information from taxpayers – information that is then used by the scammers to commit identity theft.

Typically, the scam e-mail or phone call states that the IRS needs certain information to process a tax return or refund. The e-mail contains links or attachments to what appears to be the IRS website or an IRS form. Though they appear genuine, these phonies are designed to get from taxpayers the information scammers need to steal identities. The links can even download malicious software onto the taxpayer's computer if clicked. The software is often designed to search out and send to the scammer personal and financial information contained on the taxpayer's computer that the scammer uses to commit identity theft.

The IRS reminds taxpayers that it does not send unsolicited e-mails asking for sensitive personal and financial information.